Ancient History ( Sources of History ) & Pre - Historic Period IAS/CSE Exam 2020

🔵 Ancient History - Sources of History : 

🔳 History : Written evidences available. 

🔳 Pre-History : No written evidences; Archeological evidences available stone age. 

🔳 Proto-History : Written evidences available; but could not be deciphered.

                       1️⃣  Literature : 

                                     ⏬️

   💠 INDIAN                            💠 FOREIGN 

 ⏩️ Religious :                         ⏩️ Greeks :

 1] Vedas (4)                         1] Megasthenese

 2] Brahmanas, 

 Aryanakas                           2] Deimachus     

    Upanishada.                     3] Deonisius.

 ⏩️ Secular :                          ⏩️ Chinese :

 1] Epics, Plays,                     1] Fa - Hein

 Biographics                 

 2] Puranas.                           2] Huien Tsang

                                                   3] I-tsing. 

🔳 INDIAN LITERATURE  : 

   ▪️ Rig veda              :   Prayers of God.

  ▪️ Sam veda             : Songs,1st book of music.

  ▪️ Yajur veda           :  Ritual Processes. 

  ▪️ Atharva veda      :  Not written by Aryans;                                                       Book of magic

  🔳 FOREIGN LITERATURE   : 

🔳 OTHER : 

▪️Visakha Datta : Mudra rakshas; Gupta period chanakya chandragupta story. 

▪️Dipavamsa n mahavamsa : Buddisht book written in SriLanka, Ashoka spread. 

▪️ Divyavadan : Tibetan buddisht book, Ashoka spread. 

             2️⃣ Archaeological evidences  : 

▪️ Tools  : Time period and Technology.

▪️Remains of Flora and Fauna : food habits and Animal known. 

▪️Coins :  Economy and metallurgy, kings and area ruled.

▪️Remains of settlements :  Civilization and social inequalities.

        3️⃣ Inscriptions :      

▪️Extent of Empire

▪️Administrative system

▪️Laws related to land

▪️Time period

▪️Language and Script. 

       4️⃣ Monuments : 

▪️Building Material

▪️Technology 

▪️Architecture

🔵 Ancient History - Pre-Historic Period :

PREHISTORY : 

1] Paleolithic Age People : 

▪️Earliest paleolithic man lived on hunting and food gathering.

▪️The nature of stone tools also varied according to the climate. 

▪️Not knowing how to grow his food, he ate fruits, birds and raw animal flesh etc.

▪️The people were wanderers and moved from one places to place.They took refuge under the rocks in caves and hollow tree trunks.

# Facts to Remember : 

▶️ The Paleolithic culture of India developed in pleistocene period.

▶️ Robert bruce foot was to first to discover a Paleolithic stone in India in 1983.

▶️ The paleolithic research in India got a boost only with the coming of Yale cambridge expedition in 1935 led by Deterra patterson.

▶️ The tolls were usually made of hard rock ' quartzite' and therefore Paleolithic man in India is also called ' Quartzite man '.

Mesolithic Age ( 10,000 - 4000 BC ) : 

▶️ It was the transitional difference between paleolithic and neolithic ages.

▶️ The mesolithic people lived on hunting, fishing and food gathering.

▶️ Earliest domestication of animals has also been witnessed from MP & Rajasthan. 

Neolithic Age ( 6000 - 1000 BC ).

The word 'Neolithic' was first coined by Sir John  Lubbock in 1865.

▶️ Animal Domestication

▶️ Agricultural Practice 

▶️ Grind and Polished stone tools

▶️ Pottery Manufacture 

Pre - Historica Findings : 

▶️ Bhimbetka -  Homo sepien's cave 500 Painted Rock Shelters.

▶️ Nevasa  - Evidence of cotton.

▶️ Atranjikheda - Textile printings.

▶️ Hastinapur - Wild sugarcane.

▶️ Inamgaon - Statue of mother goddess

▶️ Meghagarh - Earliest evidence of agriculture, settled life.

▶️ Koldihva - Earliest evidence of life.

▶️ Bagor and Adamgarh - Earliest of evidences of domestication of animal ( Raj ).

▶️ Chirand - Serpant cult ( Bihar ).

▶️ Burzahom gulfkral - Pit dwellings ( J& K )

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